![]() We also investigate the influence of the time delays between connected neurons on synchronization conditions. Different gap junctions and delay parameters are used to incorporate time-delay dynamics in both neuronal networks. More specifically, this study investigates the synchronization of time-delayed unidirectional and bidirectional ring-structured FHN neuronal systems with and without external noise. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the synchronization problem in a network of coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neurons by incorporating time delays, different direction-dependent coupling (unidirectional and bidirectional), noise, and ionic and external disturbances in the mathematical models. Researchers have extensively studied the synchronization mechanism of two coupled time-delayed neurons with bidirectional coupling and without incorporating the effect of noise, but not for time-delayed neural networks. The development of control strategies for synchronizing a network of chaotic neurons with time delays, different direction-dependent coupling (unidirectional and bidirectional), and noise, particularly under external disturbances, is an essential and very challenging task. Synchronization plays a significant role in information transfer and decision-making by neurons and brain neural networks. ![]()
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